Temperature fluctuations in the fermenter and short-term high loads on the system due to the intermittent addition of large quantities of organic material impair the biogas process, causing fluctuations in the methane content. In addition, there is an uneven gas formation rate, which leads to high hydrogen sulphide concentrations, as the amount of air introduced for desulphurisation is usually not adapted to the amount of gas currently formed. For this reason, the charging intervals should be kept as short as possible. Certain feeding techniques (injection shaft, feeding screw with hopper) require the plant operator to spend a lot of time. Especially at larger biogas plants, systems are therefore preferred which allow a certain amount of storage and by which the injection process can be largely automated.
Technical solutions range from time- and mass-controlled systems for the introduction of solids to suitably controlled pumps.
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